The rivers of Africa: witness of climate change and human impact on the environment
Identifieur interne : 000316 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000315; suivant : 000317The rivers of Africa: witness of climate change and human impact on the environment
Auteurs : G. Mahe [Maroc, France] ; G. Lienou [Cameroun] ; L. Descroix [France] ; F. Bamba [Mali] ; J. E. Paturel ; A. Laraque [France] ; M. Meddi [Algérie] ; H. Habaieb [Tunisie] ; O. Adeaga [Nigeria] ; C. Dieulin [Maroc] ; F. Chahnez Kotti [Tunisie] ; K. Khomsi [Maroc]Source :
- Hydrological Processes [ 0885-6087 ] ; 2013-07-15.
Abstract
In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts of Africa, and we look at the most probable causes of these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We study time series of updated monthly and annual runoff of rivers of North Africa, West Africa (Sahelian and humid tropical regions) and Central Africa, including the largest river basins: Niger and Volta rivers in West Africa, and Congo and Ogooue rivers in Central Africa. The recent years are studied in the perspective of multi‐decadal variability. In West Africa and in a part of Central Africa, the climate has changed since 1970, and rainfall has not returned to previous annual amounts, except in Equatorial Africa. The consequences of the long‐lasting drought are, depending on the area concerned, the modification of seasonal regimes (Equatorial area), the groundwater table decrease (Tropical humid area) and the land cover degradation (Sahelian area). The increasing number of dams and of agricultural areas also plays a major role on the modification of river regimes. The population increase will continue to impact on the environment: land cover change, deforestation, agriculture and increasing number of dams will be associated with a reduction of water and sediment discharges to the sea, and major impacts on downstream ecosystems and coastal areas. It seems necessary to share with stakeholders a comprehensive approach of the water cycle from the basin to the sea, to prevent long‐lasting damages to ecosystems and infrastructures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9813
Affiliations:
- Algérie, Cameroun, France, Mali, Maroc, Nigeria, Tunisie
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Midi-Pyrénées, Occitanie (région administrative), Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Rhône-Alpes
- Grenoble, Rabat, Toulouse
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Laraque</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, (Observatoire Midi Pyrénées Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD), Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meddi, M" sort="Meddi, M" uniqKey="Meddi M" first="M." last="Meddi">M. Meddi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Hydraulique, Blida</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Blida</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habaieb, H" sort="Habaieb, H" uniqKey="Habaieb H" first="H." last="Habaieb">H. 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Khomsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, Casablanca</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Casablanca</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Hydrological Processes</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Hydrol. Process.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1085</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-07-15">2013-07-15</date><biblScope unit="volume">27</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2105">2105</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2114">2114</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></series><idno type="istex">C8F996A263BC47BF57500484074A39F3D1BBDFB0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/hyp.9813</idno><idno type="ArticleID">HYP9813</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts of Africa, and we look at the most probable causes of these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We study time series of updated monthly and annual runoff of rivers of North Africa, West Africa (Sahelian and humid tropical regions) and Central Africa, including the largest river basins: Niger and Volta rivers in West Africa, and Congo and Ogooue rivers in Central Africa. The recent years are studied in the perspective of multi‐decadal variability. In West Africa and in a part of Central Africa, the climate has changed since 1970, and rainfall has not returned to previous annual amounts, except in Equatorial Africa. The consequences of the long‐lasting drought are, depending on the area concerned, the modification of seasonal regimes (Equatorial area), the groundwater table decrease (Tropical humid area) and the land cover degradation (Sahelian area). The increasing number of dams and of agricultural areas also plays a major role on the modification of river regimes. The population increase will continue to impact on the environment: land cover change, deforestation, agriculture and increasing number of dams will be associated with a reduction of water and sediment discharges to the sea, and major impacts on downstream ecosystems and coastal areas. It seems necessary to share with stakeholders a comprehensive approach of the water cycle from the basin to the sea, to prevent long‐lasting damages to ecosystems and infrastructures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Algérie</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>France</li><li>Mali</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Tunisie</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Grenoble</li><li>Rabat</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Paturel, J E" sort="Paturel, J E" uniqKey="Paturel J" first="J. E." last="Paturel">J. E. Paturel</name></noCountry><country name="Maroc"><region name="Rabat-Salé-Kénitra"><name sortKey="Mahe, G" sort="Mahe, G" uniqKey="Mahe G" first="G." last="Mahe">G. Mahe</name></region><name sortKey="Dieulin, C" sort="Dieulin, C" uniqKey="Dieulin C" first="C." last="Dieulin">C. Dieulin</name><name sortKey="Khomsi, K" sort="Khomsi, K" uniqKey="Khomsi K" first="K." last="Khomsi">K. Khomsi</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mahe, G" sort="Mahe, G" uniqKey="Mahe G" first="G." last="Mahe">G. Mahe</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Descroix, L" sort="Descroix, L" uniqKey="Descroix L" first="L." last="Descroix">L. Descroix</name><name sortKey="Laraque, A" sort="Laraque, A" uniqKey="Laraque A" first="A." last="Laraque">A. Laraque</name></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lienou, G" sort="Lienou, G" uniqKey="Lienou G" first="G." last="Lienou">G. Lienou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Mali"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bamba, F" sort="Bamba, F" uniqKey="Bamba F" first="F." last="Bamba">F. Bamba</name></noRegion></country><country name="Algérie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Meddi, M" sort="Meddi, M" uniqKey="Meddi M" first="M." last="Meddi">M. Meddi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Tunisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Habaieb, H" sort="Habaieb, H" uniqKey="Habaieb H" first="H." last="Habaieb">H. Habaieb</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chahnez Kotti, F" sort="Chahnez Kotti, F" uniqKey="Chahnez Kotti F" first="F." last="Chahnez Kotti">F. Chahnez Kotti</name></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adeaga, O" sort="Adeaga, O" uniqKey="Adeaga O" first="O." last="Adeaga">O. Adeaga</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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